Ƙara yawan buƙatun don inganta dogaro a cikin masana'antu yana nufin injiniyoyi suna buƙatar yin la'akari da duk sassan kayan aikin su.Tsare-tsaren ɗaukar nauyi sassa ne masu mahimmanci a cikin na'ura kuma gazawarsu na iya haifar da bala'i da sakamako mai tsada.Zane mai ɗaukar hoto yana da babban tasiri akan dogaro, musamman a cikin matsanancin yanayin aiki da suka haɗa da maɗaukaki ko ƙananan yanayin zafi, vacuum da gurɓataccen yanayi.Wannan labarin ya zayyana abubuwan da za a ɗauka lokacin da aka ƙayyade bearings don mahalli masu ƙalubale, don haka injiniyoyi za su iya tabbatar da babban abin dogaro da kyakkyawan aikin kayan aikin su na tsawon lokaci.

Tsarin ɗaukar nauyi ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwallaye, zobe, keji da man shafawa misali.Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi ba sa tsayayya da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi don haka ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga sassa ɗaya.Abubuwan da suka fi mahimmanci sune lubrication, kayan aiki, da maganin zafi na musamman ko sutura kuma ta hanyar kallon kowane nau'i na nufin bearings za a iya tsara mafi kyau don aikace-aikacen.

Yin aiki a babban zafin jiki

Babban aikace-aikacen zafin jiki, kamar waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin kunnawa a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya na iya gabatar da ƙalubale don daidaitaccen ɗaukar hoto.Bugu da ƙari kuma, yanayin zafi yana ƙaruwa a cikin kayan aiki yayin da raka'a ke ƙara ƙarami kuma suna ƙara yawan ƙarfin ƙarfi, kuma wannan yana haifar da matsala ga matsakaicin matsayi.

Lubrication

Lubrication wani muhimmin la'akari ne a nan.Mai da maiko suna da matsakaicin yanayin aiki a lokacin da za su fara raguwa da ƙafe da sauri wanda zai haifar da gazawar.Matsakaicin man shafawa sau da yawa ana iyakance shi zuwa matsakaicin zafin jiki na kusan 120 ° C kuma wasu manyan mayukan zafin jiki na al'ada suna iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa 180 ° C.

Koyaya, don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ma mafi girman yanayin zafi ana samun man shafawa na musamman masu ƙorafi kuma ana iya samun yanayin zafi sama da 250°C.Inda lubrication na ruwa ba zai yiwu ba, m lubrication wani zaɓi ne wanda ke ba da izinin aiki mai dogaro mai ƙarancin gudu har ma da yanayin zafi mafi girma.A wannan yanayin, molybdenum disulphide (MOS2), tungsten disulphide (WS2), graphite ko Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ana ba da shawarar a matsayin ƙwararrun man shafawa saboda suna iya jure yanayin zafi sosai na dogon lokaci.

Kayayyaki

Lokacin da yazo da yanayin zafi sama da 300 ° C zobe na musamman da kayan ball suna da mahimmanci.AISI M50 karfe ne mai zafin jiki wanda yawanci ana ba da shawarar yayin da yake nuna rashin ƙarfi da juriya a yanayin zafi.BG42 wani karfe ne mai zafi mai zafi wanda ke da taurin zafi mai kyau a 300°C kuma ana kayyade shi da yawa tunda yana da yawan juriya na lalata kuma ba shi da saurin gajiya da lalacewa a matsanancin zafi.

Hakanan ana buƙatar manyan cages masu zafi kuma ana iya ba su a cikin kayan polymer na musamman waɗanda suka haɗa da PTFE, Polyimide, Polyamide-imide (PAI) da Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).Domin babban zafin jiki mai lubricated tsarin man cages kuma za a iya kerarre daga tagulla, tagulla ko azurfa-plated karfe.

Rufi da maganin zafi

Za'a iya amfani da manyan sutura da jiyya na sama zuwa bearings don magance rikice-rikice, hana lalata da rage lalacewa, don haka haɓaka aikin ɗaukar hoto a yanayin zafi mai girma.Misali, ana iya rufe kejin karfe da azurfa don inganta aiki da aminci.A cikin yanayin rashin cin abinci / yunwar mai, gyare-gyaren azurfa yana aiki kamar mai mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana ba da damar ɗaukar nauyi don ci gaba da gudana na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko cikin yanayin gaggawa.

Amincewa a ƙananan zafin jiki

A ɗayan ƙarshen ma'auni, ƙananan zafin jiki na iya zama matsala ga ma'auni.

Lubrication

A cikin ƙananan aikace-aikacen zafin jiki, misali aikace-aikacen famfo cryogenic tare da yanayin zafi a cikin yanki na -190 ° C, lubrications mai ya zama waxy wanda ke haifar da gazawar.M lubrication kamar MOS2 ko WS2 sun dace don inganta aminci.Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, kafofin watsa labaru da ake yin famfo na iya yin aiki a matsayin mai mai, don haka ana buƙatar tsara bearings musamman don yin aiki a waɗannan ƙananan yanayin zafi ta amfani da kayan da ke aiki da kyau tare da kafofin watsa labaru.

Kayayyaki

Ɗaya daga cikin kayan da za a iya amfani da shi don inganta rayuwar gajiyar mai ɗaukar nauyi da kuma sa juriya shine SV30® - martensitic ta-taurare, babban nitrogen, karfe mai jurewa.Hakanan ana ba da shawarar ƙwallan yumbu yayin da suke ba da kyakkyawan aiki.Abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan aikin injiniya na kayan suna nufin suna samar da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau, kuma ya fi dacewa da aiki da dogaro a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Hakanan ya kamata a zaɓi kayan keji don zama mai juriya kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma kyawawan zaɓuɓɓuka anan sun haɗa da PEEK, Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) da robobin PAI.

Maganin zafi

Ya kamata a kula da zobe na musamman zafi don inganta daidaiton girma a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Zane na ciki

Ƙarin la'akari don aiki a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki shine ƙirar ciki mai ɗaukar nauyi.An ƙera bearings tare da matakin wasan radial, amma yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu, abubuwan da aka haɗa suna fuskantar ƙanƙantar zafi kuma adadin wasan radial yana raguwa.Idan matakin wasan radial ya ragu zuwa sifili yayin aiki wannan zai haifar da gazawa.Ya kamata a ƙera abubuwan da aka yi niyya don aikace-aikacen ƙananan zafin jiki tare da ƙarin wasan radial a yanayin yanayin ɗaki don ba da damar matakin karɓuwa na wasan radial a ƙananan yanayin zafi.

Karɓar matsa lamba na injin

A cikin matsananci-high vacuum yanayi kamar waɗanda suke a cikin masana'antun lantarki, semiconductor da LCDs, matsa lamba na iya zama ƙasa da 10-7mbar.Ana amfani da ƙunƙun ƙarfe masu girman gaske a cikin kayan aikin kunnawa a cikin mahallin masana'anta.Wani aikace-aikacen injin motsa jiki na yau da kullun shine famfo turbomolecular (TMP) waɗanda ke haifar da injin injin mahalli.A cikin wannan aikace-aikacen na ƙarshe ana buƙatar bearings sau da yawa don yin aiki a babban gudu.

Lubrication

Lubrication a cikin waɗannan yanayi yana da mahimmanci.A irin wannan matsi mai yawa, daidaitattun man shafawa suna ƙafewa da kuma fitar da iskar gas, kuma rashin ingantaccen mai na iya haifar da gazawar.Don haka ana buƙatar amfani da man shafawa na musamman.Don matsanancin yanayi (har zuwa kusan 10-7 mbar) ana iya amfani da man shafawa na PFPE saboda suna da juriya mafi girma ga ƙafewa.Don matsananci-high vacuum muhallin (10-9mbar da ƙasa) ƙwaƙƙwaran man shafawa da sutura suna buƙatar amfani da su.

Don matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaita (kimanin 10-2mbar), tare da ƙira a hankali da zaɓi na man shafawa na musamman, tsarin ɗaukar nauyi waɗanda ke ba da tsawon rayuwa fiye da sa'o'i 40,000 (kimanin shekaru 5) na ci gaba da amfani, kuma suna aiki cikin sauri, ana iya zama. samu.

Juriya na lalata

Abubuwan da aka yi niyya don amfani da su a cikin yanayi mai lalacewa suna buƙatar daidaita su musamman saboda ana iya fallasa su ga acid, alkalis da ruwan gishiri a tsakanin sauran sinadarai masu lalata.

Kayayyaki

Kayayyakin abu ne mai mahimmancin la'akari ga mahalli masu lalata.Daidaitaccen ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi yana lalatar da sauri, yana haifar da gazawar farko.A wannan yanayin, SV30 kayan zobe tare da ƙwallan yumbu ya kamata a yi la'akari da su saboda suna da juriya ga lalata.A gaskiya ma, binciken ya nuna cewa kayan SV30 na iya šauki sau da yawa fiye da sauran lalata resistant karfe a cikin gishiri fesa yanayi.A cikin gwaje-gwajen fesa gishirin da aka sarrafa SV30 karfe kawai yana nuna ƙananan alamun lalacewa bayan awoyi 1,000 na gwajin feshin gishiri (duba jadawali 1) da babban juriya na SV30 ana gani a sarari akan zoben gwajin.Hakanan ana iya amfani da kayan ƙwallon yumbu na musamman kamar Zirconia da Silicon Carbide don ƙara haɓaka juriya ga abubuwa masu lalata.

Samun ƙarin daga mai mai

Yanayin ƙalubale na ƙarshe shine aikace-aikace inda kafofin watsa labarai ke aiki azaman mai mai, misali refrigerants, ruwa, ko ruwan ruwa.A cikin duk waɗannan aikace-aikacen kayan aiki shine mafi mahimmancin la'akari, kuma SV30 - yumbura na yumbura sau da yawa an samo su don samar da mafita mafi mahimmanci da abin dogara.

Kammalawa

Matsanancin mahalli suna ba da ƙalubalen aiki da yawa ga madaidaitan ɗakuna, don haka yana haifar da gazawar da wuri.A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen bearings ya kamata a tsara su a hankali don su dace da manufa kuma suna isar da kyakkyawan aiki mai dorewa.Don tabbatar da babban aminci na bearings ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga lubrication, kayan aiki, kayan shafa da kuma kula da zafi.