Motocin lantarki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun - inda muke zaune, aiki da wasa.A sauƙaƙe, suna yin kusan duk abin da ke motsawa, motsawa.Kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na wutar lantarki da masana'antu ke amfani da su ana amfani da su ta hanyar injinan lantarki.1

Kusan kashi 75 cikin 100 na injinan masana'antu da ke aiki ana amfani da su don tafiyar da famfo, fanfo da compressors, nau'in injuna waɗanda ke da saurin kamuwa da manyan ingantattun ingantattun ayyuka2.Waɗannan aikace-aikacen galibi suna aiki a koyaushe cikin sauri, koyaushe, koda lokacin da ba a buƙata ba.Wannan aiki akai-akai yana ɓarna makamashi kuma yana samar da iskar CO2 mara amfani, amma ta hanyar sarrafa saurin motar, za mu iya rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, adana makamashi da rage tasirin muhalli.

Hanya ɗaya don sarrafa saurin mota ita ce ta hanyar amfani da na'urar da ke daidaita saurin jujjuyawar motar lantarki ta hanyar bambanta mita da ƙarfin lantarki da ake bayarwa ga motar.Ta hanyar sarrafa saurin mota, tuƙi na iya rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki (misali, rage saurin kayan aiki da kashi 20 cikin ɗari na iya rage buƙatun wutar shigar da kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari) da kuma samar da babban ci gaba a cikin sarrafa tsari da kuma babban farashin tanadin aiki a tsawon rayuwa. na moAs masu amfani kamar yadda VSDs suke don ceton makamashi a yawancin aikace-aikace, za su iya haifar da gazawar mota da ba a kai ba idan ba a yi ƙasa sosai ba.Duk da yake akwai dalilai daban-daban na gazawar motar lantarki, al'amarin da ya fi zama ruwan dare yayin amfani da tuƙi shine rashin gazawar yanayin yanayin gama gari.

Lalacewar wutar lantarki na yanayin gama gari

A cikin uku-lokaci AC tsarin, gama gari irin ƙarfin lantarki za a iya bayyana a matsayin rashin daidaituwa a tsakanin uku bulan halitta ta bugun jini nisa modulated ikon drive, ko irin ƙarfin lantarki bambanci tsakanin ikon tushen ƙasa da tsaka tsaki batu na uku- load lokaci.Wannan jujjuyawar yanayin gama gari irin ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar lantarki yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a kan mashin ɗin motar, kuma wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya fitarwa ta cikin iska ko ta hanyar birai.Zane-zanen injiniya na zamani, rufin lokaci da waya mai juriya na inverter na iya taimakawa kare iska;duk da haka, lokacin da na'ura mai juyi ya ga tarin ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu yana neman hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya ga ƙasa.A cikin yanayin motar lantarki, wannan hanya tana gudana kai tsaye ta cikin bearings.

Tun da motar motsa jiki na amfani da man shafawa don lubrication, man da ke cikin man shafawa yana samar da fim din da ke aiki a matsayin dielectric, wanda ke nufin zai iya watsa wutar lantarki ba tare da gudanarwa ba.A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, wannan dielectric ya rushe.Idan ba tare da kaddarorin kayan shafa na man shafawa ba, wutar lantarki na shaft za ta gudana ta hanyar bearings, sannan ta hanyar mahalli na motar, don cimma ƙasan wutar lantarki.Wannan motsi na halin yanzu na lantarki yana haifar da harbi a cikin bearings, wanda aka fi sani da injin fitarwa na lantarki (EDM).Yayin da wannan ci gaba da kisa ke faruwa a kan lokaci, wuraren da ke cikin tseren wasan za su zama tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya, kuma ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe na iya karyewa a cikin abin da aka ɗaure.Daga ƙarshe, abin da ya lalace yana aiki tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa da tsere, yana haifar da sakamako mai niƙa, wanda zai iya haifar da rami mai girma, wanda ake kira sanyi, ko ƙugiya mai kama da katako a cikin hanyar tsere, wanda ake kira fluting.

Wasu injina na iya ci gaba da gudana yayin da lalacewa ke ci gaba da yin muni, ba tare da wata matsala ba.Alamar farko ta lalacewa yawanci hayaniya ce, saboda ƙwallayen da ke tafiya akan wuraren ramuka da sanyi.Amma a lokacin da wannan hayaniyar ta faru, yawancin lalacewa yakan zama babba wanda gazawar ta kusa.

Kasa a cikin rigakafin

Aikace-aikace na masana'antu yawanci ba sa fuskantar waɗannan wahalhalu akan injinan saurin canzawa, amma a wasu kayan aiki, kamar gine-ginen kasuwanci da sarrafa kayan filin jirgin sama, ba koyaushe ake samun ƙasa mai ƙarfi ba.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, dole ne a yi amfani da wata hanya don karkatar da wannan halin yanzu daga maƙallan.Maganin da aka fi sani shine ƙara na'urar da ke ƙasa zuwa ƙarshen mashin ɗin, musamman ma a aikace-aikacen da ƙarfin yanayin gama gari na iya yaɗuwa.Ƙashin ƙasa shine ainihin hanyar haɗa jujjuyawar injin zuwa ƙasa ta firam ɗin motar.Ƙara na'urar da ke ƙasa a cikin motar kafin shigarwa (ko siyan mota tare da wanda aka riga aka shigar) na iya zama ɗan ƙaramin farashin da za a biya idan aka kwatanta da farashin farashin kulawa da ke hade da maye gurbin, ba tare da ma'anar babban farashi ba. downtime a cikin wani makaman.

Akwai nau'o'in na'urori na ƙasa da yawa na yau da kullun a cikin masana'antar a yau, irin su gogayen carbon, gogayen fiber na nau'in zobe da masu keɓance ƙasa, da sauran hanyoyin da ake ba da kariya ga berayen kuma ana samunsu.

An yi amfani da goge goge na carbon fiye da shekaru 100 kuma sun yi kama da gogewar carbon da ake amfani da su akan masu isar da motocin DC.Buga na ƙasa yana ba da haɗin wutar lantarki tsakanin sassa masu jujjuyawa da na tsaye na kewayen wutar lantarkin motar kuma suna ɗaukar na'urar daga na'urar zuwa ƙasa don kada cajin ya hau kan na'urar har zuwa inda yake fitarwa ta cikin bearings.Grounding brushes bayar da m da kuma tattalin arziki hanya don samar da wani low-impedance hanya zuwa ƙasa, musamman ga firam firam Motors;duk da haka, ba su da rashin lahani.Kamar yadda yake a cikin injinan DC, gogewa suna da alaƙa da lalacewa saboda haɗin injin tare da shaft, kuma, ba tare da la'akari da ƙirar buroshin buroshi ba, dole ne a bincika taron lokaci-lokaci don tabbatar da hulɗar da ta dace tsakanin goge da sandar.

Zobba-ƙasa suna aiki kamar goga na carbon, amma suna ƙunshe da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na zaruruwa masu sarrafa wutar lantarki da aka shirya a cikin zobe a kusa da shaft.Wajen zoben, wanda yawanci akan ɗora zuwa ƙarshen motar, ya kasance a tsaye, yayin da goge-goge yana tafiya a saman shingen motar, yana jagorantar halin yanzu ta cikin goge kuma a cikin aminci zuwa ƙasa.Za a iya sanya zoben da ke ƙasa a cikin motar, wanda zai ba da damar yin amfani da su a kan aikin wanke-wanke da ƙazantattun injuna.Babu wata hanya ta ƙasa mai kyau da ta dace, duk da haka, kuma zoben ƙasan da aka ɗora a waje yakan tattara gurɓatacce a kan bristles, wanda zai iya rage tasirin su.

Grounding bearing masu keɓewa sun haɗa fasaha guda biyu: sashi biyu, garkuwar warewa mara lamba wanda ke amfani da ƙirar labyrinth don hana shigar da gurɓataccen abu da na'urar rotor na ƙarfe da keɓaɓɓen zoben filament don karkatar da igiyoyin igiya daga bearings.Tun da waɗannan na'urori kuma suna hana asara mai mai da gurɓatawa, suna maye gurbin daidaitattun hatimai da masu keɓe masu ɗaukar al'ada.

Wata hanya don hana fitar da na yanzu ta hanyar bearings shine ƙera bearings daga abin da ba ya aiki.A cikin nau'ikan yumbura, ƙwallan da aka lulluɓe da yumbu suna kare abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar hana igiyar motsi daga gudana ta cikin bearings zuwa motar.Tun da babu wutar lantarki da ke gudana ta cikin ɗigon motar, akwai ƙananan damar lalacewa ta halin yanzu;duk da haka, na yanzu zai nemi hanyar zuwa ƙasa, wanda ke nufin zai bi ta kayan aiki da aka makala.Tun da yumbu bearings ba zai cire na yanzu daga na'ura mai juyi, kawai takamaiman aikace-aikace-drive da aka bada shawarar ga Motors tare da yumbu bearings.Sauran kurakuran su ne farashin wannan salon ɗaukar motar da gaskiyar cewa ana samun bearings yawanci har zuwa girman 6311.

A kan injinan da ya fi ƙarfin dawakai 100, ana ba da shawarar gabaɗaya cewa a shigar da keɓaɓɓen ɗaki a kishiyar ƙarshen motar da aka shigar da na'urar da ke ƙasa, ba tare da la'akari da irin salon da aka yi amfani da shi ba.

Tukwici na shigarwa masu saurin gudu guda uku

Abubuwan la'akari guda uku don injiniyan kulawa lokacin ƙoƙarin rage wutar lantarki na gama gari a aikace-aikacen saurin canzawa sune:

1. Tabbatar cewa motar (da tsarin motar) sun yi ƙasa sosai.
2. Ƙayyade ma'aunin mitar mai ɗauka da ya dace, wanda zai rage yawan amo da rashin daidaituwar wutar lantarki.
3. Idan na'urar saukar da igiya tana da mahimmanci, zaɓi ɗaya wanda ya fi dacewa don aikace-aikacen.

Lokacin da halin yanzu yana kasancewa, babu girman daya dace da duk mafita.Yana da mahimmanci ga abokin ciniki da mota da mai ba da kaya suyi aiki tare don gano mafita mafi dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikacen.